- [automerge 3](https://lobste.rs/s/goyein/automerge_3_0) — lobsters (2025-07-15, community). automerge 3.0: 51 upvotes
- [onward! 19 paper pdf](https://www.inkandswitch.com/local-first/static/local-first.pdf) — inkandswitch.com (2019-10, primary). onward! '19 paper pdf; seven ideals; automerge+dat/hypermerge stack; open problems
- [james arthurs lofi origin: localfirstweb](https://lofi.so/blog/2023-05-29-i-wrote-a-static-web-page) — lofi.so (2023-05-29, community). james arthur's lofi origin: localfirstweb.dev → discord by yonz; first meetup 2023-02-28; ~700 members
- [lofi/40 meetup 2026-08-25](https://lofi.so/) — lofi.so (2026-08, community). lofi/40 meetup 2026-08-25; community still active; lfc links
- [lwn on earthstar (founded 2020 by sam gwilym) and sync-protocol shift](https://lwn.net/Articles/1005639/) — lwn.net (2025-03-05, reporting). lwn on earthstar (founded 2020 by sam gwilym) and sync-protocol shift
- [i&s 2025 essay](https://www.inkandswitch.com/essay/malleable-software) — inkandswitch.com (2025-06, primary). i&s 2025 essay; litt/horowitz/van hardenberg/matthews framework
- [why local-first apps havent become popular (surfaced via tldr 2025-09-23)](https://marcobambini.substack.com/p/why-local-first-apps-havent-become) — marco bambini (2025-09, community). "why local-first apps haven't become popular" (surfaced via tldr 2025-09-23)
- [haverbeke: central server saves oh so much complexity — cited in hn debates](https://marijnhaverbeke.nl/blog/collaborative-editing.html) — marijnhaverbeke.nl (2015-07-28, community). haverbeke: central server saves "oh so much complexity" — cited in hn debates
- [schiefer/litt/jackson, papoc22 — internal critique of forced convergence](https://groups.csail.mit.edu/sdg/pubs/2022/Merge_What_You_Can_PaPoC_2022.pdf) — groups.csail.mit.edu (2022-04-05, primary). schiefer/litt/jackson, papoc'22 — internal critique of forced convergence
- [industrial research with peter van hardenberg](https://museapp.com/podcast/46-industrial-research/) — museapp.com (2021, interview). "industrial research with peter van hardenberg"; bell labs/parc inspiration; spinout flywheel
- [adrian colyers positive technical review](https://blog.acolyer.org/2019/11/20/local-first-software/) — blog.acolyer.org (2019-11-20, reporting). adrian colyer's positive technical review; prototype findings
- [thenokiablog.com](https://thenokiablog.com/the-architecture-of-local-first-web-development/) — thenokiablog.com (2026, community). earned-skeptic practitioner take: "i spent the first year dismissing local-first as academic"
- [npm last-month downloads: @automerge/automerge 189,051](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@automerge/automerge) — npm (2026-09-11, repo). npm last-month downloads: @automerge/automerge 189,051; legacy automerge 25,083
- [offline camp doc: term first coined by alex feyerke and the hoodie team in 2013](https://medium.com/offline-camp/what-is-offline-first-video-fa33c0564039) — medium (2016, community). offline camp doc: term "first coined by alex feyerke and the hoodie team in 2013"
- [competitors contemporaneous analysis of the electric pivot](https://powersync.com/blog/electricsql-electric-next-vs-powersync) — powersync.com (2024-07, reporting). competitor's contemporaneous analysis of the electric pivot
- [wiggins on industrial research history (edison, bell labs, arpa, parc)](https://progressstudies.school/the-torch-of-progress-ep-13-with-adam-wiggins/) — progressstudies.school (2022, interview). wiggins on industrial research history (edison, bell labs, arpa, parc)
- [archived for posterity](https://github.com/inkandswitch/pushpin) — github (2020, repo). archived "for posterity"; moved to automerge/pushpin community
- [pvh bio: heroku data products, i&s researcher](https://www.pvh.ca/) — pvh.ca (2026, primary). pvh bio: heroku data products, i&s researcher
- [riffle project page](https://riffle.systems/) — riffle.systems (2023-10, primary). riffle project page; uist'23 paper; mit csail group incl. litt & schickling
- [riffle: reactive relational state for local-first applications, uist23](https://groups.csail.mit.edu/sdg/pubs/2023/riffle-uist-23.pdf) — groups.csail.mit.edu (2023-10-29, primary). "riffle: reactive relational state for local-first applications," uist'23
- [semantic scholar record](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1d0823ecb126bea91ade3631176c54fcefc5bb4b) — semanticscholar.org (2026-09-16, reference). semantic scholar record; 137 citations at access date
- [onward! talk slot, athens, templars room](https://2019.splashcon.org/details/splash-2019-Onward-Essays/1/Local-first-software-You-own-your-data-in-spite-of-the-cloud) — 2019.splashcon.org (2019-10-23, reference). onward! talk slot, athens, templars room
- [why bidirectional crdts died — category convergence analysis (reported)](https://blogs.abhipanseriya.dev/blog/electricsql-deleted-bidirectional-sync-the-whole-category-followed) — blogs.abhipanseriya.dev (2026, reporting). "why bidirectional crdts died" — category convergence analysis (reported)
- [prokopov local, first, forever: file-sync-based diy local-first](https://tonsky.me/blog/crdt-filesync/) — tonsky.me (2024-06-24, community). prokopov "local, first, forever": file-sync-based diy local-first
- [weidners crdt benchmark series sparking the nov 2023 debate](https://mattweidner.com/2023/09/26/crdt-survey-1.html) — mattweidner.com (2023-09-26, community). weidner's crdt benchmark series sparking the nov 2023 debate
- [weidner: collaborative text without crdt machinery](https://mattweidner.com/2025/05/21/text-without-crdts.html) — mattweidner.com (2025-05-21, community). weidner: collaborative text without crdt machinery
- [klint finley profile](https://www.wired.com/story/collaborative-software-wary-cloud/) — wired (2019-12-06, reporting). klint finley profile; "cardboard box" quote; zaharia skepticism; crdt history note
- [crdt community session notes listing structural complaints (undated](https://worm-blossom.org/notes/crdts_cl) — worm-blossom.org (2024, community). crdt community session notes listing structural complaints (undated; reported)
- [zero sync engine positioning and docs](https://zero.rocicorp.dev/) — zero.rocicorp.dev (2026, primary). zero sync engine positioning and docs
- [wiggins site/bio](https://adamwiggins.com/) — adamwiggins.com (2026, primary). wiggins' site/bio
- [muse history: $2m, seven-person team, fall-2023 departure](https://adamwiggins.com/muse-retrospective/) — adamwiggins.com (2024, primary). muse history: $2m, seven-person team, fall-2023 departure
- [aria safeguarded ai programme page](https://www.aria.org.uk/opportunity-spaces/mathematics-for-safe-ai/safeguarded-ai/) — aria.org.uk (2025, reference). aria safeguarded ai programme page
- [project site](https://automerge.org/) — automerge.org (2026, primary). project site; "independent open source project" framing; monthly update series
- [relationship-based digital identity](https://www.inkandswitch.com/backchannel/) — inkandswitch.com (2021-09, primary). relationship-based digital identity
- [bidirectional lenses for schema change](https://www.inkandswitch.com/cambria/) — inkandswitch.com (2020-10, primary). bidirectional lenses for schema change
- [tablet-for-thinking project](https://www.inkandswitch.com/capstone/) — inkandswitch.com (2018-12, primary). tablet-for-thinking project
- [founded 2015](https://www.cbinsights.com/company/ink-switch) — cb insights (2026, reference). founded 2015; london hq; blueyard capital listed investor (unverified)
- [adam wiggins on the 2015 reconvening + industrial-lab inspirations](https://github.com/thechangelog/transcripts/blob/master/podcast/the-changelog-514.md) — github (2022, interview). adam wiggins on the 2015 reconvening + industrial-lab inspirations
- [paul shen → openai technical staff 2023-04](https://clay.earth/profile/paul-shen-61ac22ea) — clay.earth (2026, reference). paul shen → openai technical staff 2023-04; cmu
- [research areas](https://www.inkandswitch.com/connect/) — inkandswitch.com (2026, primary). research areas; contact/partnership channels
- [bluesky profile aggregator incl](https://couchsky.app/u/max.dev) — couchsky.app (2026, community). bluesky profile aggregator incl. wiggins bio "cofounder of ink & switch, heroku, and local-first conf"
- [drawing dynamic models](https://www.inkandswitch.com/crosscut/) — inkandswitch.com (2022-03, primary). drawing dynamic models
- [about a dozen researchers](https://www.inkandswitch.com/newsletter/dispatch-001/) — inkandswitch.com (2023-11, primary). "about a dozen researchers"; three tracks; embark + lude
- [lisbon unconf w/ fission + dxos](https://www.inkandswitch.com/newsletter/dispatch-002/) — inkandswitch.com (2023-12, primary). lisbon unconf w/ fission + dxos; constraint system; automerge roundups
- [patchwork launch](https://www.inkandswitch.com/newsletter/dispatch-003/) — inkandswitch.com (2024-02, primary). patchwork launch; obenauer ollos; lu wilson joins; local-first conf 2024
- [directors year-end letter](https://www.inkandswitch.com/newsletter/dispatch-008/) — inkandswitch.com (2024-12, primary). director's year-end letter; la unconf; droste's lair; backstitch preview
- [automerge 3](https://www.inkandswitch.com/newsletter/dispatch-011/) — inkandswitch.com (2025-05, primary). automerge 3.0 beta; sketchy calendar; site rebuild + funding page
- [aria sgai joined](https://www.inkandswitch.com/newsletter/dispatch-013/) — inkandswitch.com (2025-09, primary). aria sgai joined; mumm rejoined; chee joined; community calls
- [gaios intro](https://www.inkandswitch.com/newsletter/dispatch-014/) — inkandswitch.com (2025-11, primary). gaios intro; grjte/sakrejda/o.reed; keyhive+subduction; live 2025; rirs
- [tenfold](https://www.inkandswitch.com/newsletter/dispatch-016/) — inkandswitch.com (2026-04, primary). tenfold; "turns ten this year"; lab day announce
- [patchwork notes](https://www.inkandswitch.com/newsletter/dispatch-017/) — inkandswitch.com (2026-05, primary). patchwork notes; wiggins residency/firehose; lfc 2026 dates
- [new staff (reyburn/yen/stewen)](https://www.inkandswitch.com/newsletter/dispatch-018/) — inkandswitch.com (2026-06, primary). new staff (reyburn/yen/stewen); backstitch=beckett; livelymerge; bijou64
- [dynamic documents for travel planning](https://www.inkandswitch.com/embark/) — inkandswitch.com (2023-11, primary). dynamic documents for travel planning
- [end-user programming essay](https://www.inkandswitch.com/end-user-programming/) — inkandswitch.com (2019-03, primary). end-user programming essay
- [endless access on the backstitch partnership](https://access.endlessstudios.com/blog/nobody-is-here-to-do-version-control-how-real-time-collaboration-in-godot-is-changing-the-game-design-classroom) — access.endlessstudios.com (2026, reporting). endless access on the backstitch partnership; pvh quotes
- [unconference history 2022–2024](https://www.inkandswitch.com/events/) — inkandswitch.com (2026, primary). unconference history 2022–2024
- [litt bio: notion](https://www.geoffreylitt.com/) — geoffreylitt.com (2026, primary). litt bio: notion; ex-i&s senior researcher; mit phd
- [automerge repo (created 2017-06-29)](https://github.com/automerge/automerge) — github (2026, repo). automerge repo (created 2017-06-29)
- [directory-based automerge replication node cli](https://github.com/inkandswitch/darn) — github (2026, repo). "directory-based automerge replication node" cli
- [brooklyn zelenka profile: ucan, witchcraft, e2ee local-first](https://github.com/expede) — github (2026, community). brooklyn zelenka profile: ucan, witchcraft, e2ee local-first
- [farm repo (p2p shared-environment experiment)](https://github.com/inkandswitch/farm/) — github (2020, repo). farm repo (p2p shared-environment experiment)
- [inkling source (linked from project page)](https://github.com/inkandswitch/inkling) — github (2024, repo). inkling source (linked from project page)
- [lab github org (created 2015-08-19)](https://github.com/inkandswitch) — github (2026, repo). lab github org (created 2015-08-19)
- [github](https://github.com/pboyer/automerge) — github (2026, repo). early fork preserving "copyright 2017, ink & switch llc, and university of cambridge" + creator credits
- [subduction sync engine](https://github.com/inkandswitch/subduction) — github (2026, repo). subduction sync engine
- [earliest full homepage capture](https://web.archive.org/web/20180330141150/https://inkandswitch.com/) — wayback machine (2018-03-30, archive). earliest full homepage capture; "privately-funded industrial research lab"; earliest site capture noted 2017-05-27
- [zelenka bio: fission cto](https://icfp24.sigplan.org/profile/brooklynzelenka) — icfp24.sigplan.org (2024, reference). zelenka bio: fission cto; ucan; wnfs; rhizome
- [transcript of idea machines #50](https://podtail.se/podcast/idea-machines/industrial-research-with-peter-van-hardenberg-idea/) — podtail.se (2024-02-10, interview). transcript of idea machines #50; founding trio; hollywood model; lab evolution
- [litt on patchwork + i&s after leaving](https://ideas.imbue.com/p/geoffrey-litt) — ideas.imbue.com (2025, interview). litt on patchwork + i&s after leaving
- [rss feed](https://www.inkandswitch.com/index.xml) — inkandswitch.com (2026-09, primary). rss feed; publication dates for all essays, notes, dispatches
- [programmable ink essay](https://www.inkandswitch.com/inkbase/) — inkandswitch.com (2022-11, primary). programmable ink essay
- [project 029](https://www.inkandswitch.com/project/inkling/) — inkandswitch.com (2023, primary). project 029; collaborators; live 2024
- [project 035](https://www.inkandswitch.com/project/keyhive/) — inkandswitch.com (2026, primary). project 035; convergent capabilities; beekem; beelay
- [kleppmann & beresford json crdt paper (ieee tpds)](https://martin.kleppmann.com/2017/04/24/json-crdt.html) — martin.kleppmann.com (2017-04, primary). kleppmann & beresford json crdt paper (ieee tpds)
- [founded 2015](https://linkedin.com/company/ink-and-switch) — linkedin (2026, reference). founded 2015; ~13 employees; us hq/miami
- [researcher 2021-10→present](https://www.linkedin.com/in/marcel-goethals-250a827b) — linkedin (2026, reference). researcher 2021-10→present
- [senior researcher 2023-01→2025-09](https://www.linkedin.com/in/geoffreylitt) — linkedin (2026, reference). senior researcher 2023-01→2025-09; led malleable track
- [pi 2018-02→2019-06](https://www.linkedin.com/in/mmcgrana) — linkedin (2026, reference). pi 2018-02→2019-06; stainless 2024→
- [rir ~2023-07→2024-02](https://www.linkedin.com/in/mary-rose-cook) — linkedin (2026, reference). rir ~2023-07→2024-02
- [freelance engineer](https://www.linkedin.com/in/paulshen0) — linkedin (2026, reference). freelance engineer; potluck team member


Published by @ben in profile revision 1.
Original document: https://hraness.com/ink-and-switch/sources
Original credited author: Hraness
AI-drafted at Ben Guo's direct request and credited to Hraness; every claim links to its cataloged source.

## Structured source and record data

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