# deepseek: sources

> every source cited in the deepseek history, with its date and type.

- [top-16 chinese open-source list](https://eu.36kr.com/en/p/3404902313217417) — eu.36kr.com (2025-07, reporting). top-16 chinese open-source list; arena standings
- [tsarynny: direct path to the prc claim](https://abcnews.com/US/deepseek-coding-capability-transfer-users-data-directly-chinese/story?id=118465451) — abcnews.com (2025-02, reporting). tsarynny: "direct path to the prc" claim
- [r1 specs: 671b/37b moe, mit license](https://ai-tldr.dev/models/deepseek-r1/) — ai-tldr.dev (2025-01-20, reference). r1 specs: 671b/37b moe, mit, aime 79.8, 500+ hf derivatives
- [multi-model contamination audit](https://www.alphaxiv.org/abs/2603.16197) — alphaxiv.org (2026, reporting). multi-model contamination audit; r1 memorization signature
- [7-10 months older… on-trend](https://darioamodei.com/post/on-deepseek-and-export-controls) — darioamodei.com (2025-01-29, primary). "7-10 months older… on-trend"; controls more important
- [obfuscated code→china mobile infra (feroot)](https://apnews.com/article/deepseek-china-generative-ai-internet-security-concerns-c52562f8c4760a81c4f76bc5fbdebad0) — associated press (2025-02, reporting). obfuscated code→china mobile infra (feroot)
- [bipartisan bill coverage](https://apnews.com/article/deepseek-ai-china-us-ban-6fea0eb28735b9be7f4592185be5f681) — associated press (2025-02-07, reporting). bipartisan bill coverage
- [3des hardcoded keys](https://arstechnica.com/security/2025/02/deepseek-ios-app-sends-data-unencrypted-to-bytedance-controlled-servers/) — arstechnica.com (2025-02-07, reporting). 3des hardcoded keys; bytedance servers
- [censorship embedded in base model](https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.12625) — doi.org (2025-05, reporting). censorship embedded in base model; transfers to distills
- [v4 tech report: csa/hca, mhc, muon, 32t tokens](https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.19348) — arxiv.org (2026-04-26, reporting). v4 tech report: csa/hca, mhc, muon, 32t tokens
- [inappropriately distilled quote](https://www.axios.com/2025/01/29/openai-deepseek-ai-models-data-training) — axios (2025-01-29, reporting). "inappropriately distilled" quote
- [r1 in azure ai foundry + github catalog](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/deepseek-r1-is-now-available-on-azure-ai-foundry-and-github/) — azure.microsoft.com (2025-01-29, reporting). r1 in azure ai foundry + github catalog
- [war-room reporting reference](https://www.bgr.com/tech/meta-downplays-deepseek-but-may-be-copying-the-chinese-ai-behind-closed-doors/) — bgr.com (2025-01, reporting). war-room reporting reference
- [app-store #1 corroboration](https://www.businessinsider.com/deepseek-number-one-app-apple-store-openai-chatgpt-2025-1) — business insider (2025-01-27, reporting). app-store #1 corroboration
- [leaked all-hands](https://www.businessinsider.com/meta-ceo-mark-zuckerberg-deepseek-benefit-leaked-all-hands-2025-1) — business insider (2025-01-30, reporting). leaked all-hands; "fortunately, they published"
- [$6m… single, pristine training run](https://www.boozallen.com/content/dam/home/docs/ai/a-technical-primer-on-deepseek.pdf) — boozallen.com (2025, repo). "$6m… single, pristine training run"; unverified conversational ability
- [liangs preface to zuckermans simons book (2021)](https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/wealth/deepseek-just-latest-hedge-fund-innovation) — businesstimes.com.sg (2025, reference). liang's preface to zuckerman's simons book (2021)
- [113 employees](https://cacm.acm.org/opinion/deepseek-inside-origins-technology-and-impact/) — cacm.acm.org (2025, reference). 113 employees; $139m gpu stockpile; mar-2025 "national treasure" note
- [sheehan/winter-levy](https://carnegieendowment.org/emissary/2025/01/deepseek-ai-china-chips-explainer) — carnegieendowment.org (2025-01-28, reference). sheehan/winter-levy; marginal-cost caveat; controls→creativity
- [chinatalk translation](https://www.chinatalk.media/p/deepseek-ceo-interview-with-chinas) — chinatalk.media (2025-01, reporting). chinatalk translation; price-war "catfish" q&a; no-vc stance
- [100% harmbench asr](https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evaluating-security-risk-in-deepseek-and-other-frontier-reasoning-models) — blogs.cisco.com (2025-01-31, reference). 100% harmbench asr; cisco+penn
- [navy all-hands ban email](https://www.cnbc.com/2025/01/28/us-navy-restricts-use-of-deepseek-ai-imperative-to-avoid-using.html) — cnbc (2025-01-28, reporting). navy all-hands ban email
- [bill context](https://www.computerweekly.com/news/366619153/US-lawmakers-move-to-ban-DeepSeek-AI-tool) — computerweekly.com (2025-02, reporting). bill context; australia/taiwan references
- [nvidia −17%/$593b](https://www.computerweekly.com/news/366618446/DeepSeek-Welcome-to-US-artificial-intelligences-Sputnik-moment) — computerweekly.com (2025-01-28, reporting). nvidia −17%/$593b; "priced for perfection"
- [h.r.1121, the no-deepseek-on-government-devices act](https://www.congress.gov/119/bills/hr1121/BILLS-119hr1121ih.htm) — congress.gov (2025-02-07, reporting). h.r.1121 text; covers high-flyer successors
- [american standard open-source quote](https://www.constellationr.com/insights/news/meta-deepseek-custom-silicon-ai-optimizing-engineering-and-business) — constellationr.com (2025-01-29, reference). "american standard" open-source quote
- [energy-efficiency paradox](https://theconversation.com/deepseek-claims-to-have-cured-ais-environmental-headache-the-jevons-paradox-suggests-it-might-make-things-worse-248720) — theconversation.com (2025-02, reference). energy-efficiency paradox
- [apples-to-oranges cost accounting](https://creativestrategies.com/dispelling-deepseek-myths-studying-v3/) — creativestrategies.com (2025-02, reference). apples-to-oranges cost accounting; altman/amodei figure scoping
- [full 36kr dark surge q&as](https://crossingriver.substack.com/p/deepseeks-founder-speaks-the-liang) — crossingriver.substack.com (2023-05, reporting). full 36kr "dark surge" q&as; contributor-not-freerider quotes
- [$420m high-flyer funding](https://cyberscoop.com/deepseek-house-ccp-committee-report-national-security-data-risks/) — cyberscoop.com (2025-04-17, reporting). $420m high-flyer funding; semianalysis 60k chips figure
- [six-model practical comparison](https://dailytopai.com/article/6-chinese-ai-models-compared-deepseek-vs-kimi-vs-qwen-vs-glm-vs-minimax-vs-mimo-316.html) — dailytopai.com (2026-05-29, reference). six-model practical comparison incl. v4 pro, k2.6, glm-5.1
- [ft: r2 delayed](https://the-decoder.com/deepseek-reportedly-delayed-its-latest-ai-model-after-technical-issues-with-huaweis-ascend-chips/) — the-decoder.com (2025-08, reporting). ft: r2 delayed; ascend training failed; revert to nvidia
- [v2 (2024-05-06): ¥1/m input](https://followin.io/en/feed/15922620) — followin.io (2025, reference). v2 (2024-05-06): ¥1/m input; 1/70th gpt-4 turbo; "pinduoduo of ai"
- [ais sputnik moment post](https://fortune.com/2025/01/27/marc-andreessen-deepseek-sputnik-ai-markets/) — fortune (2025-01-27, reporting). "ai's sputnik moment" post; pre-market nvidia −10%
- [nadellas jevons post verbatim](https://fortune.com/2025/01/27/microsoft-ceo-satya-nadella-deepseek-optimism-jevons-paradox/) — fortune (2025-01-27, reporting). nadella's jevons post verbatim
- [baby-bumps/lobsters dispute](https://fortune.com/article/nvidia-anthropic-ai-chips-china-smuggle-telling-tall-tales/) — fortune (2025-05-02, reporting). baby-bumps/lobsters dispute
- [the garante order: totally insufficient](https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10097450) — garanteprivacy.it (2025-01-30, reporting). order text; "totally insufficient" response
- [full provision](https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10098477) — garanteprivacy.it (2025-01-30, reporting). full provision; app-store removal noted
- [nadella context](https://www.geekwire.com/2025/microsoft-ceo-says-ai-use-will-skyrocket-with-more-efficiency-amid-craze-over-deepseek/) — geekwire.com (2025-01-27, reporting). nadella context; ives pushback
- [v4-pro ga 2026-08-13](https://geotoolbox.ai/blog/deepseek-v4) — geotoolbox.ai (2026-08, reference). v4-pro ga 2026-08-13; price hike 08-16; benchmark caveats
- [english mirror of the disclosure](https://gigazine.net/gsc_news/en/20250303-deepseek-ai-cost-profit/) — gigazine.net (2025-03-03, reporting). english mirror of the disclosure
- [five alarm national security fire](https://gottheimer.house.gov/posts/release-gottheimer-lahood-introduce-new-bipartisan-legislation-to-protect-americans-from-deepseek) — gottheimer.house.gov (2025-02-06, reporting). "five alarm national security fire"; china mobile claim
- [refusal string verbatim](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jan/28/we-tried-out-deepseek-it-works-well-until-we-asked-it-about-tiananmen-square-and-taiwan) — theguardian.com (2025-01-28, reporting). refusal string verbatim
- [synthesis of both interviews](https://www.harrywang.me/blog/deepseek) — harrywang.me (2025, reporting). synthesis of both interviews; "madly ambitious, madly sincere"
- [2021 investor apology](https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/deepseek-an-ai-phoenix-from-the-ashes-of-a-hedge-fund-rout-liang-wenfeng-101738063426742.html) — hindustantimes.com (2025-01, reporting). 2021 investor apology; aum shrink >⅓ from $12b peak; liang bio
- [deepseek unmasked](https://chinaselectcommittee.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/selectcommitteeontheccp.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/DeepSeek%20Final.pdf) — chinaselectcommittee.house.gov (2025-04-16, reporting). "deepseek unmasked"; 4 findings incl. china mobile backend
- [the $74b raise and star ipo prep](https://www.hindustantimes.com/technology/ai-startup-deepseek-poised-to-reach-74-billion-valuation-101787815737042.html) — hindustantimes.com (2026-09, reporting). $74b raise; $7.4b; catl/tencent investors; star ipo prep
- [secondary summary of caisi findings](https://itdoeswhatnow.com/m/2025-09-30-us-caisi-finds-deepseek-models-far-more-jailbreak/) — itdoeswhatnow.com (2025-09-30, reporting). secondary summary of caisi findings
- [optimization not revolution counter-take](https://www.ifri.org/en/memos/deepseek-moment) — ifri.org (2025, reference). "optimization not revolution" counter-take; 143 employees
- [elicit pro-ccp bias flag](https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/deepseek-china-questions-refuse-beijing-b2687605.html) — independent.co.uk (2025-01, reporting). elicit "pro-ccp bias" flag
- [closed-source moat is short-lived quote](https://jiexu.substack.com/p/interview-deepseek-founder-liang-wenfeng-a-journey-by-curiosity) — jiexu.substack.com (2025, reporting). "closed-source moat is short-lived" quote
- [service resumes after ~2 months](https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10475963) — koreaherald.com (2025-04-28, reporting). service resumes after ~2 months
- [prompts→volcano engine](https://www.koreajoongangdaily.com/korea/deepseek-ordered-to-revise-personal-data-policies-delete-mishandled-user-information/10631607) — koreajoongangdaily.com (2025-04-24, reporting). prompts→volcano engine; stop 04-10; corrective order
- [device fingerprinting](https://krebsonsecurity.com/2025/02/experts-flag-security-privacy-risks-in-deepseek-ai-app/) — krebsonsecurity.com (2025-02, reporting). device fingerprinting; deanonymization risk
- [analogy critique](https://www.lcfi.ac.uk/news-events/blog/post/is-sputnik-moment-an-appropriate-analogy-for-the-launch-of-deepseek) — lcfi.ac.uk (2025, reporting). analogy critique; alphago/chatgpt prior "sputniks"
- [k2 thinking beats gpt-5 on hle/browsecomp](https://www.linkedin.com/posts/conorgrennan_breaking-kimi-k2-may-be-chinas-second-deepseek-activity-7392592898703278080-E8tl) — linkedin (2025-11-07, reporting). k2 thinking beats gpt-5 on hle/browsecomp; huang "nanoseconds behind"
- [srinivas: us/eu-hosted, uncensored](https://mspoweruser.com/you-can-now-try-uncensored-deepseek-r1-via-perplexity-ps-its-us-hosted/) — mspoweruser.com (2025-01-27, reporting). srinivas: us/eu-hosted, uncensored
- [singapore mti statement](https://www.mti.gov.sg/newsroom/press-statement-on-whether-deepseek-gained-access-to-us-export-controlled-chips-through-intermediaries-in-singapore/) — mti.gov.sg (2025-02, reporting). singapore mti statement
- [cn vs us media framing study](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-026-08878-2_reference.pdf) — nature.com (2026, reporting). cn vs us media framing study
- [$294k r1 training cost disclosed](https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-03015-6) — nature.com (2025-09-17, reporting). $294k r1 training cost disclosed; first major peer-reviewed llm
- [real-time self-censoring observations](https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/innovation/deepseek-censorship-china-rcna189594) — nbcnews.com (2025-01-28, reporting). real-time self-censoring observations
- [wake-up call/positive development](https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/innovation/trump-china-deepseek-ai-wake-call-rcna189526) — nbcnews.com (2025-01-27, reporting). "wake-up call"/"positive development"; sacks quote
- [press release](https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2025/09/caisi-evaluation-deepseek-ai-models-finds-shortcomings-and-risks) — nist.gov (2025-09-30, reporting). press release; lutnick quote via mlex
- [19 benchmarks](https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2025/09/30/CAISI_Evaluation_of_DeepSeek_AI_Models.pdf) — nist.gov (2025-09-30, repo). 19 benchmarks; 94% jailbreak compliance; 12x hijack; 4x ccp-aligned
- [ats disabled](https://www.nowsecure.com/blog/2025/02/06/nowsecure-uncovers-multiple-security-and-privacy-flaws-in-deepseek-ios-mobile-app/) — nowsecure.com (2025-02-06, reference). ats disabled; unencrypted data; volcengine
- [$600b nvidia loss](https://www.npr.org/2025/01/28/g-s1-45061/deepseek-did-a-little-known-chinese-startup-cause-a-sputnik-moment-for-ai) — npr.org (2025-01-28, reporting). $600b nvidia loss; h800/2000-gpu/$5.6m; early cost skepticism
- [jevons as industry comfort narrative](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/14/business/deepseek-openai-jevons-paradox.html) — the new york times (2025-02-14, reference). jevons as industry comfort narrative
- [openai reviewing evidence](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/29/technology/openai-deepseek-data-harvest.html) — the new york times (2025-01-29, reporting). openai reviewing evidence; tos distillation ban
- [deepseek moment framing](https://www.orfonline.org/index.php/research/global-ai-s-deepseek-moment-impact-and-implications) — orfonline.org (2025, reference). "deepseek moment" framing; inauguration-day timing
- [normalization milestone coverage](https://uk.pcmag.com/ai/156495/deepseek-is-here-to-stay-as-microsoft-perplexity-integrate-its-model) — uk.pcmag.com (2025-01, reporting). normalization milestone coverage
- [what is deepseek? china shocks ai industry](https://au.pcmag.com/ai/109456/what-is-deepseek-china-shocks-ai-industry-with-sputnik-moment) — au.pcmag.com (2025-01-27, reporting). r1 $2.19 vs o1 $60 per m output tokens
- [status-exam results](https://www.pipc.go.kr/eng/user/ltn/new/noticeDetail.do?bbsId=BBSMSTR_000000000001&nttId=2819) — pipc.go.kr (2025-04-24, reporting). status-exam results; third-party transfer findings
- [distilled r1-8b failures](https://blog.qualys.com/vulnerabilities-threat-research/2025/01/31/deepseek-failed-over-half-of-the-jailbreak-tests-by-qualys-totalai) — blog.qualys.com (2025-01-31, reference). distilled r1-8b failures
- [what is deepseek and why is it disrupting the ai sector](https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/what-is-deepseek-why-is-it-disrupting-ai-sector-2025-01-27/) — reuters (2025-01-27, reporting). v3 <$6m; r1 "20–50x cheaper" per wechat
- [baiont/wizard/mingshi following](https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/after-deepseek-chinese-fund-managers-beat-high-flyers-path-ai-2025-03-14/) — reuters (2025-03-14, reporting). baiont/wizard/mingshi following; renaissance/d.e.shaw frame
- [¥100b portfolio](https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/high-flyer-ai-quant-fund-behind-chinas-deepseek-2025-01-29/) — reuters (2025-01-29, reporting). ¥100b portfolio; 2023 agi pivot announcement text
- [ministry/defense/foreign blocks](https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/south-koreas-industry-ministry-temporarily-bans-access-deepseek-security-2025-02-05/) — reuters (2025-02-06, reporting). ministry/defense/foreign blocks; khnp
- [new-download suspension](https://www.reuters.com/technology/south-koreas-data-protection-authority-suspends-local-service-deepseek-2025-02-17/) — reuters (2025-02-17, reporting). new-download suspension
- [willingly provided military support](https://www.reuters.com/world/china/deepseek-aids-chinas-military-evaded-export-controls-us-official-says-2025-06-23/) — reuters (2025-06-23, reporting). "willingly provided" military support; 150+ pla refs; shell companies
- [singapore charges three with fraud](https://www.reuters.com/technology/singapore-charges-three-with-fraud-that-media-link-nvidia-chips-2025-02-28/) — reuters (2025-02-28, reporting). 3 charged; media link to deepseek chip flow


Published by @ben in profile revision 1.
Original document: https://hraness.com/deepseek/sources
Original credited author: Hraness
AI-drafted at Ben Guo's direct request and credited to Hraness; every claim links to its cataloged source.

## Structured source and record data

````json
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````