# core automation: history

> the company, sourced and dated — the openai years, the january exit, the april launch, the round that kept changing, and the lab in public.

## the openai years (2015–2025)

amsterdam quant finance, then seven years at openai — the rubik's-cube hand, codex and the first copilot model, and the q*/strawberry line that became o1, o3, and gpt-5's reasoning.

- 2015 — the amsterdam quant years: tworek spends about five years in amsterdam quant finance — linkedin lists him as senior quantitative researcher at independent view (jan 2015–dec 2018), 'most senior researcher in the company reporting directly to cio,' building fully systematic futures signals. earlier details are thinner: an msc in mathematics from the university of warsaw, and a dropout story he has told on podcasts. (reported; sources: [jerry tworek — linkedin](https://www.linkedin.com/in/jerry-tworek-b5b9aa56), [jerry tworek speaker bio (warsaw.ai)](https://warsaw.ai/speaker/jerry-tworek/), [how gpt-5 thinks — mad podcast, october 2025](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RqWIvvv3SnQ))
- 2019-02 — tworek joins openai: tworek joins openai — about thirty employees at the time — and stays nearly seven years, ending as vp of research. (confirmed; sources: [million integrals — tworeks homepage](https://millionintegrals.com/), [jerry tworek — linkedin](https://www.linkedin.com/in/jerry-tworek-b5b9aa56), [he left openai to think bigger — core memory ep. 53](https://www.corememory.com/p/he-left-openai-jerry-tworek))
- 2019-10 — the rubik's-cube hand: 'solving rubik's cube with a robot hand' — the sim2real breakthrough tworek ran, 'one of core breakthroughs' by his own account, landing at the neurips 2019 deep rl workshop. (confirmed; sources: [solving rubiks cube with a robot hand (arxiv 1910.07113)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.07113), [million integrals — tworeks homepage](https://millionintegrals.com/))
- 2021 — codex, copilot, humaneval: the codex line: tworek 'conducted all stages of research and trained the model that powered github copilot,' was a primary contributor to codex, and hand-wrote about thirty humaneval problems — wojciech zaremba wrote thirty more. (confirmed; sources: [million integrals — tworeks homepage](https://millionintegrals.com/), [jerry tworek deep-dive (agi house)](https://blog.agihouse.org/posts/jerry-tworek-deep-dive))
- 2024-09-12 — o1: o1 ships — the reasoning model from the effort known internally as q*, then strawberry. tworek: 'i've lead the team that researched training llms to reason with reinforcement learning.' (confirmed; sources: [million integrals — tworeks homepage](https://millionintegrals.com/), [jerry tworek on o1 reasoning (fast company)](https://www.fastcompany.com/91246222/openai-researcher-jerry-tworek-human-brain-o1-models), [he left openai to think bigger — core memory ep. 53](https://www.corememory.com/p/he-left-openai-jerry-tworek))
- 2025-04 — o3, and the vp-of-research seat: o3 ships. tworek's later summary of the o1→o3 gap: '99% systems, 1% algorithms.' he is vp of research by february 2025. (confirmed; sources: [million integrals — tworeks homepage](https://millionintegrals.com/), [jerry tworek deep-dive (agi house)](https://blog.agihouse.org/posts/jerry-tworek-deep-dive), [jerry tworek — linkedin](https://www.linkedin.com/in/jerry-tworek-b5b9aa56))
- 2025-08 — gpt-5: gpt-5 ships with reasoning descended from the o3 line — tworek later describes it on the mad podcast as roughly 'o3.1.' (confirmed; sources: [million integrals — tworeks homepage](https://millionintegrals.com/), [how gpt-5 thinks — mad podcast, october 2025](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RqWIvvv3SnQ))
- 2025-08 — the bench starts leaving: the future cofounders disperse. julia villagra — promoted to openai chief people officer in march — exits in august, with reuters reporting she left to pursue 'art, music and storytelling to help people understand the transition to artificial general intelligence.' joanne jang founds openai labs in september and lands on the time100 ai list in august. (reported; sources: [openai chief people officer julia villagra leaving (business insider)](https://www.businessinsider.com/openai-chief-people-officer-julia-villagra-leaving-ai-talent-hr-2025-8), [openai leadership updates, march 2025](https://openai.com/index/leadership-updates-march-2025/), [joanne jang — linkedin](https://www.linkedin.com/in/jangjoanne), [joanne jang profile (prometheus)](https://prometheusroot.com/people/joanne-jang/))
- 2025-10-16 — the last openai interview: tworek records 'how gpt-5 thinks' on the mad podcast while still vp of research — the last big interview of the openai years. (confirmed; sources: [how gpt-5 thinks — mad podcast, october 2025](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RqWIvvv3SnQ))

## the exit and the founding (2026-01 – 2026-03)

tworek announces his exit, explains it on core memory, and the information names the new company: core automation, seeking up to $1b for models that keep learning after deployment.

- 2026-01-05 — tworek leaves openai: tworek announces his openai departure on x after ~7 years, telling his team he wants 'to try and explore types of research that are hard to do at openai.' the verge and the decoder cover it the same day; the decoder reads the line as a 'not-so-subtle dig.' (confirmed; sources: [openai loses top ai researcher jerry tworek after seven years (the decoder)](https://the-decoder.com/openai-loses-top-ai-researcher-jerry-tworek-after-seven-years/), [openais research lead is departing after nearly seven years (the verge)](https://www.theverge.com/ai-artificial-intelligence/855590/openais-research-lead-is-departing-after-nearly-seven-years), [openais vp researcher jerry tworek resigns (times of india)](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/technology/tech-news/chatgpt-maker-openais-vp-researcher-jerry-tworek-resigns-says-i-am-leaving-to-try-and-explore-types-of-research-that-are-hard-to-do-at-openai-this-is-a-/articleshow/126370554.cms))
- 2026-01-21 — the exit interview: core memory ep53, recorded days after the announcement: high-risk pioneering research had become hard at a 'conservative' openai; big labs as a whole have gone conservative; deep-learning research at big labs 'is done.' (confirmed; sources: [he left openai to think bigger — core memory ep. 53](https://www.corememory.com/p/he-left-openai-jerry-tworek), [google caught up because openai stumbled (the decoder)](https://the-decoder.com/openais-former-top-researcher-says-google-caught-up-because-openai-stumbled/))
- 2026-01 — the information names the company: the information reports the new company — named core automation — is seeking $500m–$1b to build models needing ~100× less data that learn continuously; the reported long-term roadmap runs from industrial automation to 'self-replicating factories,' bio-machines, and 'planetary terraforming.' the piece is paywalled; the record runs through the decoder's summary. (reported; sources: [ex-openai researchers startup targets $1b funding (the information)](https://www.theinformation.com/articles/ex-openai-researchers-startup-targets-1-billion-funding-develop-new-type-ai), [two startups want to replace how ai learns (the decoder)](https://the-decoder.com/two-startups-want-to-replace-how-ai-learns-one-just-raised-180m-another-is-seeking-up-to-1b/))
- 2026-03 — incorporated: core automation, inc. is founded — a delaware corporation incorporated in 2026 per its form d; 'late march' per dealroom. headquarters at 340 brannan street, suite 301, san francisco. (reported; sources: [core automation, inc. — form d (sec)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2148145/000214814526000001/primary_doc.xml), [core automation eyes $300m–$500m raise at $4b valuation (dealroom note)](https://app.dealroom.co/news/note/core-automation-eyes-300m-500m-raise-at-4b-valuation-six-weeks-after-launch))

## the launch (2026-04)

a ~$100m safe raise at ~$1b reportedly closes, and on april 21 the lab goes public — 'the world's most automated ai lab' — with a coordinated cofounder reveal.

- 2026-04 — the ~$100m safe round: the initial ~$100m raise reportedly closes at ~$1b post-money — press and trackers name nvidia, spark capital, and accel, with scribble ventures and threshold ventures in secondary listings and no disclosed lead. the form d later shows the money came in on safes that converted into $135.3m of stock in the july round — the discrepancy between the reported ~$100m and the $135.3m conversion stays unresolved. (reported; sources: [core automation company profile (sacra)](https://sacra.com/c/core-automation/), [core automation funding profile (ai market watch)](https://www.ai-market-watch.com/company/core-automation), [core automation funding profile (vcbacked)](https://www.vcbacked.co/company/core-automation), [core automation, inc. — form d (sec)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2148145/000214814526000001/primary_doc.xml))
- 2026-04-21 — launch day: public launch. the first x post: 'today we're announcing core automation… our objective: systems that optimize and automate work, starting with research itself' — 'the world's most automated ai lab.' tworek's own post: 'small step for a finger on "post tweet" button. big step for millions of future ai agents doing useful work for us.' cofounder avery lamp puts it on hacker news, where it gets 1 point and 0 comments. (confirmed; sources: [core automations first x post (texxr mirror)](https://texxr.com/handle/coreautoai), [tworeks launch post (texxr mirror)](https://texxr.com/handle/millionint), [coreauto.com — company site](https://www.coreauto.com/), [core automation launch submission by averylamp](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47852657))
- 2026-04-21 — the nerdsniped cascade: the coordinated reveal. rohan anil posts that he left anthropic 'a few weeks ago' — 'jerry tworek nerdsniped me into starting this with him and others.' anmol gulati announces from google deepmind: 'the current research paradigm — scaling models, data, and static deployment won't get us all the way.' joanne jang's x bio flips to 'trying to automate myself @coreautoai.' villagra, lamp, amid, and duvvuri are named in the coverage. (confirmed; sources: [new ai lab core automation nerdsniped researchers from anthropic, google deepmind (business insider)](https://www.businessinsider.com/core-automation-ai-nerdsniped-anthropic-google-deepmind-researchers-2026-4), [anmol gulatis launch-day post (texxr mirror)](https://texxr.com/handle/anmol01gulati), [x bios mirror (digg)](https://digg.com/u/x/anmol01gulati), [the nerdsniped launch story, yahoo syndication](https://finance.yahoo.com/sectors/technology/articles/ai-lab-core-automation-nerdsniped-042608615.html))
- 2026-04-22 — the launch coverage: the launch story travels: business insider's 'nerdsniped' piece becomes the most-syndicated account, the decoder files its launch writeup placing the lab in the neo-lab cohort with thinking machines and ssi, and korea's mk frames it as 'openai mafia' news while noting no business model has been disclosed. (confirmed; sources: [new ai lab core automation nerdsniped researchers from anthropic, google deepmind (business insider)](https://www.businessinsider.com/core-automation-ai-nerdsniped-anthropic-google-deepmind-researchers-2026-4), [ex-openai researcher jerry tworek launches core automation (the decoder)](https://the-decoder.com/ex-openai-researcher-jerry-tworek-launches-core-automation-to-build-the-most-automated-ai-lab-in-the-world/), [the openai mafia frame (mk korea)](https://www.mk.co.kr/en/it/12025021), [the nerdsniped launch story, yahoo syndication](https://finance.yahoo.com/sectors/technology/articles/ai-lab-core-automation-nerdsniped-042608615.html))

## the round that kept changing (2026-05 – 2026-08)

the funding stays messy in public: a reported $300m–$500m seek at ~$4b, then a july 30 form d showing $635.2m authorized and $432.1m sold to 51 investors — including $135.3m of converted safes.

- 2026-05-07 — $1b to $4b in six weeks: the information reports the ~6-week-old company is already seeking $300m–$500m at ~$4b. palazzolo on x: 'back to back rounds are continuing in neolab land!' the report is paywalled — the record runs through techmeme, dealroom, and testingcatalog. (reported; sources: [the information reports $300m–$500m at ~$4b (techmeme record)](https://www.techmeme.com/260507/p50), [core automation eyes $300m–$500m raise at $4b valuation (dealroom note)](https://app.dealroom.co/news/note/core-automation-eyes-300m-500m-raise-at-4b-valuation-six-weeks-after-launch), [ex-openai researchers ai startup hits $4b valuation in 6 weeks (testingcatalog)](https://testingcatalog.net/ex-openai-researchers-ai-startup-hits-4b-valuation-in-just-6-weeks/))
- 2026-07-15 — the equity round opens: first sale of the new equity offering, per the form d filed two weeks later. (confirmed; sources: [core automation, inc. — form d (sec)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2148145/000214814526000001/primary_doc.xml), [core automation form d record (takeoff radar)](https://www.takeoffradar.com/f/0002148145-26-000001/))
- 2026-07-30 — the form d: the form d lands: a $635,249,754 authorized offering with $432,125,053 sold to 51 investors and $203,124,701 remaining — including $135,252,607 issued on conversion of the outstanding safes. tracker math (forge/pitchbook-derived) puts the round at ~$3.2b pre / ~$3.62b post — reported, never confirmed by the company or the filing. (confirmed; sources: [core automation, inc. — form d (sec)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2148145/000214814526000001/primary_doc.xml), [core automation, inc. filings (filingflow)](https://filingflow.app/companies/0002148145), [core automation form d record (takeoff radar)](https://www.takeoffradar.com/f/0002148145-26-000001/), [form d write-up (edgar.tools)](https://app.edgar.tools/news/8b38c539c6d1b401), [core automation company profile (silicon valley investclub — conflates the 2001 namesake)](https://siliconvalleyinvestclub.com/companies/coreautomation/))
- 2026-08-13 — axios reads the filing: axios pro reads the filing as the company 'looking to raise up to $500 million in new funding' — consistent with the remaining capacity plus new cash — and describes core automation as 'an ai continual learning model developer.' (reported; sources: [core automation is raising $500m (axios pro)](https://www.axios.com/pro/enterprise-software-deals/2026/08/13/core-automation-raising-500-million), [core automation $500m round listing (gaebler)](https://www.gaebler.com/VC-Funding-FEADB132-EF80-4C76-B8DA-E6088FBC9653-Core-Automation-08-13-2026))
- 2026-08-17 — the alumni ventures feeder: a second filing surfaces: 'avsf – core automation 2026, llc,' an alumni ventures feeder spv — $2,109,250 sold to 100 investors, first sale august 3. (confirmed; sources: [avsf – core automation 2026, llc — form d (sec)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2146979/000214697926000001/primary_doc.xml))

## the lab in public (2026-05 – 2026-09)

the lab in public: the blog corpus, the agi house keynote, the sequoia and mts episodes, the one layer deeper competition with tilde research, and the agm internship.

- 2026-05-27 — the blog opens: the first company blog posts appear — saroufim's 'to automate publishing, first make authoring boring' and 'when ai starts writing systems code,' arguing that automating research means automating systems code first. (confirmed; sources: [the core automation blog](https://www.coreauto.com/blog))
- 2026-07-18 — the agi house keynote: tworek keynotes the agi house auto-research summit in hillsborough — 'the era of evals is dumb,' 'the only test is the real world' — and puts up an open-problems slide that eighteen teams build on for the rest of the day. (confirmed; sources: [jerry tworek deep-dive (agi house)](https://blog.agihouse.org/posts/jerry-tworek-deep-dive), [auto-research summit recap (agi house)](https://blog.agihouse.org/posts/autoresearch-builder-recap), [auto-research is moving from benchmarks to real-world loops (agi house)](https://agihousecommunity.beehiiv.com/p/jerry-tworek-core-automation-auto-research-is-moving-from-benchmarks-to-real-world-loops))
- 2026-07-28 — the pacing letter: the 'pacing the frontier' open letter goes public — 1,386 frontier-ai employees asking for 'technical and governance tools needed to deliberately pace the frontier of automated ai development.' core automation employees are among the signatories per the hn discussion — the lab that automates research, signing the letter about pacing it. (reported; sources: [pacing the frontier — open letter](https://www.pacingthefrontier.com/), [the pacing the frontier hn thread](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49089240))
- 2026-07-29 — the sequoia episode: sequoia's training data episode airs — 'building the automated agi lab: core automation's jerry tworek and rohan anil' — the fullest public statement of the thesis: transformers 'incapable of continual learning,' the search for a replacement architecture, and the most automated lab as the instrument. sequoia hosting is not evidence sequoia invested — the round's participants remain undisclosed. (confirmed; sources: [building the automated agi lab — tworek and anil (sequoia training data)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2RJiaf0SY8s), [building the automated agi lab — tworek and anil (getpodcast record)](https://getpodcast.com/se/podcast/training-data2/building-the-automated-agi-lab-core-automations-jerry-tworek-and-rohan_a27a510384), [building the automated agi lab — timestamped transcript (teahose)](https://www.teahose.com/podcast/Training%20Data/Building%20the%20Automated%20AGI%20Lab_%20Core%20Automation's%20Jerry%20Tworek%20and%20Rohan%20Anil), [sequoia promo post quoting tworek (linkedin)](https://www.linkedin.com/posts/sequoia_core-automation-wants-to-be-the-most-automated-activity-7489003968111566848-VJiN))
- 2026-08-03 — one layer deeper: 'one layer deeper' launches with tilde research — a public competition on repeated modular squaring: learn the computation, then run longer chains than seen in training. the hard track gives one h100, one hour of training, and asks models to certify depth t=1…64. (confirmed; sources: [the core automation blog](https://www.coreauto.com/blog), [tilde research — linkedin](https://linkedin.com/company/tilderesearch))
- 2026-08-25 — twenty-something people: the fysk showcase primer reports the team at '20-something people' — drawn largely from openai and google deepmind plus anthropic, meta, xai, and amazon's agi lab — with a plan to reach ~40 by year-end. linkedin-derived counts say ~21; one aggregator says 14. (reported; sources: [your showcase primer: core automation (fysk)](https://newsletter.foundersysk.com/p/your-showcase-primer-core-automation), [core automation — linkedin company page](https://linkedin.com/company/core-auto), [core automation company profile (silicon valley investclub — conflates the 2001 namesake)](https://siliconvalleyinvestclub.com/companies/coreautomation/))
- 2026-08-26 — the mts episode: 'ai labs are simply cooked' — the mts episode: three generations of ai labs, a two-year horizon for agents automating research, and the concession that today's agents 'lack deep field understanding and produce low-quality, high-creativity ideas.' (confirmed; sources: [ai labs are simply cooked — jerry tworek (mts)](https://share.snipd.com/episode/28a168a3-3d27-431e-8808-849d05d9fc34))
- 2026-09-02 — the architecture-discovery post: ehsan amid's post on neural architecture discovery — untrained networks already separate cats from dogs; automate the discovery of architectures — and on automation reshaping the field. (confirmed; sources: [the core automation blog](https://www.coreauto.com/blog), [ehsan amids research site](https://sites.google.com/view/eamid/))
- 2026-09-09 — the competition results: 'what the models learned in one layer deeper' — the results: 15,602 submissions; only 18 hard uploads from 5 accounts certified depth (16 reached t=64). the winners learned 'wiring around python primitives' — evidence that test-time depth is genuinely hard for current methods. (confirmed; sources: [the core automation blog](https://www.coreauto.com/blog), [sean mcleish — personal site](https://mcleish7.github.io/))
- 2026-09-10 — anil on the bottleneck: rohan anil on the information bottleneck — 'continual learning is the next bottleneck': the pre-training/rl split as 'organizational convenience rather than science,' shampoo's origin, the qr-factorization kernel competition (~60× over cusolver), and how he met tworek at dolores park. (confirmed; sources: [continual learning is the next bottleneck — rohan anil (the information bottleneck)](https://www.the-information-bottleneck.com/p/continual-learning-is-the-next-bottleneck-2fc), [rohan anil bio (teahose)](https://www.teahose.com/people/3266))
- 2026-09 — the agm program: the agm — 'associate general manager' — internship goes live: four interns, january–march 2027 in sf, $10,000/month plus profit share, each given a budget, tokens, and the company's agent infrastructure to run real online businesses. 'by watching where people intervene, we want to understand what agents still need to learn.' applications close october 6, 2026. (confirmed; sources: [associate general manager program (coreauto.com)](https://www.coreauto.com/AGM))
- 2026-09-16 — the showcase: tworek appears at the fysk sf startup showcase — the lab's fifth month ends the way it started: the founders in public. (reported; sources: [your showcase primer: core automation (fysk)](https://newsletter.foundersysk.com/p/your-showcase-primer-core-automation))

AI-drafted at Ben Guo's direct request and credited to Hraness; every claim links to its cataloged source.

Canonical page: https://hraness.com/core-automation/history


Published by @ben in profile revision 1.
Original document: https://hraness.com/core-automation/history
Original credited author: Hraness
AI-drafted at Ben Guo's direct request and credited to Hraness; every claim links to its cataloged source.

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````